How to Manage Negativity within the Medical Aesthetics

The vital challenge for managing negative employees nowadays is to stay alive and flourish in a very chaotic globe. To achieve this, the Medical Aesthetics Market Place perceives it essential to keep positive attitudes of its organization. Ethical values, constantly applied, are the foundation in building a commercially victorious and generally responsible business (Barbuceanu & Fox, 1996).   Business organizations progress trust and a positive outlook between its personnel strengthen ethical framework and proffer a moral breadth during times of change and in catastrophe (Grimes & Alley, 1997).Medica Spa owners require positive-productive employees to gain encouraging impact on their clienteles. For this objective, owners and managers endow with greater control over one's manners, build assurance in decision making, and consent to more truthful discernments of one's self. Those issues concern justice, honesty, correctness and an optimistic attitude; as a consequence it can only be resolved according to ethical standards.Decision-making must be empowered to the level adjoining the field of action, on condition that, that this level has compulsory for positive reception from its employees at its clearance (Guest, 1989). A manager is required to make his function wider to increase dynamism, inventiveness and speed of achievement (Barenberg, 1994).Employees in the Medical Aesthetics Market Place are in fact obliged to comply with significantly increased demands in quantity and quality. The movement in the present day is to hire less than sufficient staff and work to the maximum.   Negativity should be restricted to any level of an employee. Operations individuals at present have more duties and must generate more (Ghallab, 1994).Owners are required to entrust a part of its sanctions to the subordinate hierarchical levels, if they do not want to be congested with more and more abundant and multifaceted problems. Delegation is mainly about entrusting an ownerâ₠¬â„¢s authority to others. This denotes that they can take action and begin autonomously; and that they presume duty with owners for tasks. Entrustment underpins a technique of management which allows the staff to exercise and widen their skills and knowledge to full potential (Guest, 1989). To manage negativity of employees, owners must:distribute adequate resources to board activities such as time, money, and facilitiessupport workers and supervisors to collaborate with the committee and be involvedentail the committee in each and every health and safety activitiesfacilitate to schedule committee activities such as investigations as well as inspectionsdivide health and safety matters from concerns not relatedwork and take steps safely and guarantee that supervisors work and take action carefullyTo manage negative employees, managers must be straightforward to the staff to assume their responsibilities, as every now and then it is very at ease to feel oneself protected from all ris ks that are inherent in running an organization’s operations; a desire from the managers must exist to abandon certain prerogatives – for it is a loss of authority – to be able to concentrate on other more significant activities; must be capable of setting up a career promotion and rewards that recompense the efforts of the staff that stimulate them and motivate their activity for the benefit of the group (Ghallab, 1994).   The staff must have enough knowledge on how to do their responsibilities with dedication and positive attitude. Thus, the business owners ought to facilitate access to the required understanding.The owner who fears and cannot organize well will never manage negativity of employees successfully; the manager, who is acquainted with that the staff may possibly have supplementary experience and knowledge, and so may possibly develop the decision-making process, will receive their participation; managing negativity of employees guarantees that t he staff will put decision-making into practice within the organization of their objectives and will sense that their perspectives are welcome. One of the main irrational fears about delegation is that by providing others authority, an owner or manager loses power (Grimes & Alley, 1997). This must not be the case.If the owner trains the staff to take actions the same criteria as the manager would, by example and explanations, then the staff will be exercising the manager’s control on his/her behalf with positive outlook if and only if the manager demonstrates a positive attitude. And since they will distinguish many more circumstances over which control may be put into effect, then control will be exercised more rapidly and more diversely than an owner could put it into effect by his/her self.An owner must be able to distribute the more mundane tasks as equally as possible; and add the more stimulating once as broadly. Generally, but particularly with the tedious tasks, an ow ner must be careful to delegate not only the performance of the mission but also its tenure (Barenberg, 1994). Task handing over, more willingly than task assignment, allows innovation and positive attitude and outlook in their work.To manage negativity within a business,   an owner is supposed to increase progressively; first, a small assignment leading to a little improvement, then another assignment which constructs upon the first; when that is accomplished, add an additional step; and so on. This is the differentiation between asking people to balance a sheer wall (negative), and offering them with a flight of steps (positive).When an owner delegates a job, it does not have to be finished as fit as an owner could do it in a given time, but only as fit as needed: never judge the upshot by what is expected (it is complicated to be objective – negative), but by fitness for positive function. When an owner delegates a task, he/she must agree upon the standards by which the result will be reviewed. An owner must not exaggerate a negative issue; if the staff did something wrong, the owner must have the skill of using specific and positive terms in correcting the mistake – not meaning to hurt the staff’s feelings (Barbuceanu & Fox, 1996).ReferencesBarbuceanu, M. & Fox, M. (1996). The Design of a Coordination Language for Multi-AgentsSystems. In Intelligent Agents III. Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages.Springer, pp.341-355.Barenberg, M. (1994). Democracy and Domination in the Law of Workplace Cooperation:From Bureaucratic to Flexible Production, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 753, 825–78. Harper,supra note 468, at 113–14.Ghallab, M. (1994). Past and future chronicles for supervision and planning. In Jean  PaulHaton, editor, Proceedings of the 14th Int. Avignon Conference, Paris, EC2 and AFIA,pp23-34.Grimes, G. & Alley, B. (1997). Intelligent Agents for Network Fault Diagnosis and Testing.In Integrated Network Management V: inte grated management in a virtual world. SanDiego, California, USA, May 1997. IFIP, Chapman & Hall, pp.232-244.Guest, D. (1989). Personnel and HRM: Can you tell the difference? Personnel Management.St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, pp23-27.

Maternal Filicide And Mental Illness Health And Social Care Essay

The intent of this paper is to look into and place the common factors that influence maternal filicide, and its relationship to mental/psychological upsets within the culprits. Filicide has been defined as the knowing act of a parent/guardian killing her or his ain kid ( Putkonen, Amon, Almiron, Cederwall, Eronen, Klier, Kjelsberg, Weizmann-Henelius, 2009 ) . There are two subcategories that branch from filicide which include infanticide and neonaticide. Infanticide is best described as the slaying of a 1 ‘s ain kid that is younger than one twelvemonth. Whereas, neonaticide is the violent death of a kid that has been born non more than 24 hours earlier ( Putkonen, et Al, 2009 ) . Surprisingly, this act is non uncommon and has been reported to take topographic point all around the universe. Previous surveies have found that filicide has taken topographic point in 3rd universe states such as Bolivia in under developed communities ( Hilari, Condori, Dearden, 2009 ) , and besides i n states such as England, China and France ( McKee, 2006 ) . Although this act is practiced around the Earth, there is really small information and research recorded about the subject. Filicide is a really sensitive issue and is hard for most to hold an unfastened treatment about the topic. Past surveies include Putkonen et Al. ( 2009 ) , and their research on filicide in Austria and Finland. The intent of their survey was to analyze the common traits between filicide culprits and if these persons shared any psychological upsets. In order to carry on this survey the research workers had to garner all filicide instances that occur between 1995 and 2005. They examined factors such as motivation, method of offense, relationship between culprit and victim, and mental wellness intervention of the culprit. They besides took into history the poisoning of the executor during the filicide act. Other research in this country included the work by Kauppi, Kumpulainen, Vanamo, Merikanto, and Kar kola ( 2007 ) where 10 female parents that committed filicide were examine to see the relationship between filicide and maternal depression. In all instances, female parents showed marks of crossness, shouting for long periods of clip without cause or ground, weariness, anxiousness among other symptoms that are common in depression. The research workers did non interview the adult females nevertheless were able to look into the similarities that lead to the slaying and the common factors after the act was committed. These two research surveies were examined in Finland and Austria. Hilari, Condori, and Dearden ( 2009 ) , besides looked at parents that committed filicide nevertheless examined the pattern in Bolivia. They explored two communities within Bolivia and found that unlike the yesteryear to surveies the grounds for filicide were frequently due to biological defects of the kid or societal factors within the community. Their research looked at how the autochthonal people of Bol ivia justified the violent death of kids. Most frequently, the slaying of a kid went unnoticed as the kid life was taken within 24 hours of birth. Oberman andMeyer ( 2009 ) surveies the societal economic well being of adult females that have committed filicide. They interviewed adult females that have been convicted with the offense and found similarities in societal environment, household history, and instruction degree. Their research brings to illume a universe that is unknown to most other persons. The intent of their survey was to take the reader into the heads of these adult females and to see what the rational was when make up one's minding to perpetrate the act of filicide. Their findings revealed that most adult females that performed filicide are non making it out of hate for the kid ; instead it was due to confusion and a sense of non being able to supply for the kid. This paper intends to look into each article in farther item and determine if there are commonalties between the topics and their mental province, their socio-economic environment, educational degrees, and household history. This paper will besides propose other patterns and resources that can be attempted by adult females who find themselves in this type of state of affairs as all signifiers of filicide should be avoided. Obeman and Meyer ( 2009 ) wrote a book that discussed maternal filicide and different interviews that were made in prison on female parents who were convicted of this offense. The writers explained how most of these adult females felt uncomfortable and would non desire to discourse it in general. Obeman et Al. ‘s ( 2009 ) conducted face-to-face interviews at the Ohio State Reformatory. They explained how the givens ‘ that were made of these adult females slaying their kids were non ever accurate. Their options based on their societal and familial systems were really restricted and limited. The writers explained how most of these adult females expressed themselves as non holding a topographic point that should experience safe, when it was suppose to experience like place ( Obeman et al. , 2009 ) . Many common factors were attributed to these adult females such as ; fright, economic want, isolation and deficiency of fiscal support. The female parents normally indicated a de ficiency of instruction, emotion and really minimum medical support ( Obeman et al. , 2009 ) . Physical, mental, and emotional maltreatment were normally early symptoms that these persons experienced prior and after the filicide were committed. Obeman et Al. ‘s ( 2009 ) identified history of maltreatment in the household that factored these adult females ‘s behavior throughout their lives. The book explained how these adult females struggled against the odds of being good female parents to protect themselves and their kids. In add-on, the female parents normally fought back against the power of maltreatment they were sing with their spouse ( Obeman et al. , 2009 ) . Most of the clip, for some of these adult females they thought that giving up was safer so contending back. The writers identified some external support that came from caring others. This normally gave them a self-awareness of their ain strength ( Obeman et al. , 2009 ) . The female parents were normally isolated by fright of their ain spouse. Most of them were besides affected with mental unwellnesss ( Obeman et al. , 2009 ) . The book explains how the U.S justness system purely relies more on requital oppose to rehabilitation. In add-on, there appears to be more of a broad assortment of shelters for animate beings so there is for people ( Obeman et al. , 2009 ) . They explained how these adult females travel on a painful procedure to accept who they are, and what they have done. Many of the issues that the female parents faced was non cognizing where to happen aid, how to entree it, and whom to swear ( Obeman et al. , 2009 ) . Kauppi, Kumpulainen, Vanamo, Merikanto, Karkola ( 2008 ) besides conducted research on female parents that committed filicide. There were unable to interview the adult females in their survey nevertheless were able to recover informations on their mental wellness after kid birth, and household history which included opprobrious parents being surrounded in an alcoholic environment. They were besides able to obtain information on the kids that were murdered. Their survey provided information that indicated that none of the births were unwanted. When the babes were born, all showed good wellness and had no marks of upsets or malformations. It was stated that the motivation behind all filicide instances examined were non of selfish nature. Majority of the female parents believed that the universe was a bad topographic point and that it was non the topographic point for a kid to be raised. Six out of the 10 adult females in this survey tried to perpetrate self-destruction after slaying their kid. An of import factor that was discovered in this survey was that in most instances the individual responsible for the decease of the kid had a hard childhood with demanding parents and a deficiency of emotional support ( Kauppi et. Al, 2008 ) . The research workers of this survey besides found that more than 50 % of the adult females were abandoned by their ain female parents during their childhood. In the scrutiny stage, in four instances the femal e parents were diagnosed with some sort of depression such as ; postpartum depression, major depression and psychotic depression ( Kauppi et. Al, 2008 ) . Keeping in head, none of these adult females were convicted in the tribunal. In most instances, the female parents ne'er wanted to be left entirely with their babes as it would do symptoms to increase in badness. Other symptoms developed when the kid was left entirely with female parent which included but are non limited to hallucinations and anxiousness ( Kauppi et.al, 2008 ) . Another book reappraisal written by Mckee ( 2006 ) , examined the gender differences within the filicide population. Statisticss showed that within the population forty seven per centum of female parents were the culprit and 50 three per centum of male parents committed the act of filicide. Mckee ( 2006 ) found that kids under 1 twelvemonth old were more vulnerable to filicide than kids over the age of one. In the United Kingdom, future research suggest about 10 to 20 maternal filicide instances will be committed annually ( Mckee, 2006 ) . The United States averages 256 filicide instances per twelvemonth. Reasons for this high sum of filicide instances in developed states include economic want, lower educational degrees and a deficiency of resources that guide and help immature female parents when faced with postpartum depression ( Oberman, Meyer, 2009 ) . Mckee`s ( 2006 ) book discusses prevalence rates and old research completed on maternal filicide. In add-on, hazard appraisals an d direction schemes are besides analysed for this peculiar country homicide. Mckee ( 2006 ) discovered five wide classs of maternal filicide. These classs include rejection, mental unwellness, unintended, antisocial, and revenge. By utilizing instance illustrations, Mckee explains his â€Å" Maternal Filicide Risk Matrix â€Å" . This explains the association of the mother`s unprotected cell and protective factors based on two dimensions. These dimensions are known as phase and sphere. This tool must include hazard intercession points for each phase of maternity and gestation. Unfortunately, the appraisal is non through empirical observation validated. The writer besides discusses different rules and their strengths and failing of the â€Å" Maternal Filicide Risk Matrix â€Å" . He besides argues the sum of abandoned kids who are ne'er found and job specifying the cause of decease may be the prevalence of female parent who kills. The last article in this reappraisal, written by Hilari, Condori, Dearden ( 2009 ) took a different attack to look into filicide instances. Their survey took topographic point in Bolivia where they examined the autochthonal people of two countries. The first country is Qaqachaka and had 38 communities participate in the survey. In the 2nd country is Ancoraimes which had 28 communities in the survey. The grounds why these countries were chosen are due to the surveillance systems that have been installed by the authorities to supervise the communities. The intent of their survey was to look into why households partake in filicide Acts of the Apostless. Unlike old literature examined in this reappraisal, the chief causes for filicide are due to biological and societal factors. Examples of biological factors include physical malformations and duplicate ship. In this civilization, when a female parent gives birth to male and female twins, it is seen as evil and is socially accepted to destruct both genders. As for the societal factors , the communities seldom excuse the liquidator ; nevertheless the life of the kid is taken within 24 hours after birth and is ne'er recorded. Often there is no disciplinary action as the slaying has gone unnoticed. Individual interviews and concentrate groups were besides utilized to derive informations. Findingss indicated that female filicide were higher in both countries, for illustration Qaqachaka had 14 deceases in entire, 13 in which were female. Qaqachaka besides recorded 20 times higher than neonatal mortality rate, compared to national rural norm. Some drawbacks to Hilari et Al. ( 2009 ) , research are that the communities surveillance under reported births as camera`s were non set up in individual`s places. Besides, information gathered from sources could hold been bias as many stated that they did non partake or witness the filicide instead heard about it through word of oral cavity. Discussion In most instances of filicide, in general frequently occur with immature adult females that come from a deprived childhood and low socio-economic position. Often these adult females lack the instruction to admit the effects of their actions. In most of these instances, there was a limited sum of resources and entree to seek aid. For female parents in these countries, there should be societal workers that are readily accessible to observe and mention early symptoms of postpartum depression and psychological/ behavioral upsets. Many of the restrictions that were common is these surveies were the deficiency of empirical grounds, and how many adult females did non desire to discourse the traumatic event. The fundss to convey psychologists and head-shrinkers into these lower income communities are unluckily non available. Weekly follow ups by the female parent ‘s household doctor would be a positive attack to placing certain behaviors that may take to temper upsets, which may ensue to filicidal Acts of the Apostless. Understanding each phase of the female parent ‘s gestation and parentage, these are the ideal stages to seek of import forms. To reason, this research has been reasonably new and different theories have been developed to better understand the rational of these murderous wrongdoers. Future research should obtain different methods and garner more information from past culprits to analyse and look into and develop proactive steps to forestall the act of maternal filicide.

Women on the Texas Frontier Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women on the Texas Frontier - Assignment Example Jacqueline Reiner points out various barriers that hindered Southern Women from moving out of the woman’s sphere; creating a scenario where only a few were able to move out of the woman’s sphere. The first barrier is associated with the fact that majority of the public offices were not open to the nineteenth century women (Jacqueline, pg. 53). The other issue that might have contributed to the essence of few women moving out of the woman’s sphere is the fact that women were only allowed to participate actively in churches, schools as well as in voluntary religious activities. The institutions of slavery during the early nineteenth century, especially among the Southern Women might have also contributed to the wide acceptance of the woman’s sphere among the white and the black women (Jacqueline, pg. 57). However, after the American Civil war, some of the Southern Women were compelled by social necessities to extend the essence of woman’s sphere to other social setting, thus they worked in public places like bars as bar tenders while a few were provided with opportunities for formal education (Jacqueline, pg. 58). On the other hand, some few women managed to join women’s organizations as well as clubs creating a scenario where only a few managed to move out of the woman’s

Global Media & Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Media & Communication - Essay Example The information presented entails complete and reliable information, but the directive of the independence press states that information presented to the general public should be factual, and obtained through methodical investigation (Sarikakis, 2004, p. 90). According to Barnhurst & Nerone (2002, p. 67), the theory maintains certain limits of free media, but also puts some restrictions on what is presented to the media. For instance, in India, the press has certain obligations to the public, and they must show truth and accuracy in any information they present. The media is free, but regulated by the government. On the other hand, the Chinese administration has always kept rules on traditional and the current media rules to protect its government political wishes through the use of watchdogs. The watchdog units ensure that these principles entail strict rules placed on the media that are used to control them. They even punish the media houses that break the rules by either jailing t hem or shutting down the entire publication firm and their websites. 1.2 The relation between economic, technological and political order on the globe to communication Society economy and technology are highly linked through communication. Internet, mobile phone services and satellite broadcasting services influence economic technological developments. With the increase in globalization, the economic technological and political developments have taken a positive outlook (Ferree, et al., 2002, p. 44). Globalization is also a requirement and driving force for all other types of communication. Several technological developments have improved the communication process, and this development in turn affects the press (Levira, 2004, p. 13). Technology like video communication through the internet has made communication essay and simple (Ferree, et al., 2002, p. 44). For instance in China, the types of communication in a country is determined by the country’s political ideology. The established controlling ideas have developed through different states without the citizens noticing and deliberating on their development. The authority of a neoliberal position in themes presented in mass media and the rise of the authoritarianism of the financial leaders, the increase of free communication principles, but also a commercial approach in broadcasting of information to the abandoned views of workforces is a characteristic of China media (Barnhurst & Nerone 2002, p.89). Similarly, through globalization in India, technology has assisted the government in improving its economy. This improved economy has improved the ways of life for the masses. In India, globalization has influenced technology development where it has shifted the pattern of its economy. In economic terms, technology influences the forms of production, asset and employment. It also changes the activities taking place within a company. This is because through improved challenges of communication, Indiansâ €™ business process has improved thus improving its economic activities (Rajagopal, 2012, pp.1). Mass media in India is also seen to be influencing globalization. This was achieved using several media channels like televisions, music, and new technological developments. The international flow of information has highly been

Domestic Violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Domestic Violence - Research Paper Example Commitments in personal and professional life have been increased a lot at present. All these factors may end up in some kind of conflicts between the family members and the ultimate result would be some kind of physical assault, mental torture or verbal torture. â€Å"Domestic violence, be it physical, emotional, sexual or verbal, changes everyone in the family unit† (Domestic Violence Information: The Process Of Healing). Domestic violence has lot of moral, social and family dimensions and implications. Sociologists and criminal justice system have different opinions about how to control or regulate domestic violence incidents. Some people argue that the abusers should be isolated from the family for a particular period of time in order to settle the issues and continue the life normally. Many others are of the views that such isolations may not help either the victim or the abuser in the long run. In most of the cases, the victim forced to continue his/her life with the abu ser; however the relationships between the abuser and the victim need not be the same as before. Moreover, â€Å"Abusers who engage in one instance of domestic violence are several times more likely to engage in similar behavior again† (Breaking the Cycle: Life After Domestic Violence). This paper analyses whether a victim should continue his/her life with the abuser even after serious clashes between them. You have been beaten. The bruises will fade and time will pass but that does not mean that this terrible thing that has happened to you will disappear. Domestic violence damages both internally and externally. You need to aim for a healing process that incorporates your whole person. This may be a lonely time no matter how many friends and family and supportive measures there are around you. Go inside of yourself and find out what you need to do to heal your heart. What hurts the most? How can you start to rebuild your wounded soul? Where can you get help and what type of help will be best for you? (Watson) Domestic violence is a crime which can affect not only the body, but also the mind or soul. The decision whether to continue with the abuser or not should be taken only after the correct assessment of the damage done, the reasons which forced the abuser to engage in such violent acts, possibilities of repetition of such acts in future, character and behavior of the abuser, family atmosphere and opinions of others. Most of the victims respond emotionally after the abusive incidents. They do not bother much about the future consequences since they may reach an excited mental state during and immediately after the abusive incident happens/happened. According to Natasha Kemp (2007), â€Å"The most dangerous time for a women in a violent abusive relationship is right after she has made the decision to leave the relationship, it is the most likely time that she will be murdered, by her intimate partner† (Kemp). Most of the domestic violence cases are happening because of a momentary lapse of mental control. It is quite possible that the abuser may regain his control immediately after the incident. He may feel repentance also. If the victim responds emotionally and takes a decision to leave the company of the abuser, the vengeance of the abuser could be increased and more serious problems may arise later. Jennifer-Crystal Johnson (2008) has pointed out that most of the â€Å"

Biological Aspects of Race Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biological Aspects of Race - Term Paper Example Societies have universally accepted this idea that, naturally, humans fall into racial groups. It is true that different people have had mixed ancestry crossing racial boundaries, but there are also undeniably clear physical differences between various populations of the world. The physical differences may reflect genetic differences used by researchers to pinpoint people’s geographical origins. Genes reflect geography certainly. Human genetic differences, on the other hand, do not fall along boundaries that could define race. Without defined boundaries that can guide us, the human racial categories continue to be the product of the human choice. Our definition of race reflects not only biology but culture, history and politics (Cadena, 2000). Human racial groups do compose breeding units that initially were geographical and at times temporarily isolated. However, they could interbreed, producing viable offspring that are also within the species of Homo sapiens. The molecular techniques that have been developed recently to examine genetic differences between populations and individuals such as DNA have produced clear evidence that population differences exist within the human species but racial differences do not. Race should therefore not be equated with ethnicity that is a self-described category with the three components of ancestry, culture and language. These components have affinities to some ancestral groups. The genetic differences that exist between groups, therefore, do not correspond to some historical racial categories (Sarich and Frank, 2004).

Discuss the reasons for the emergence of China as a global trading Essay - 1

Discuss the reasons for the emergence of China as a global trading power in the light of international trade theories - Essay Example There are various theories behind the rise of China as one of the strongest economies in the world. This work will look into and discuss the reasons behind the emergence of China as a global trading power in the world in the light of International Trade Theories. China has remained one of the strongest Communist countries in the world and after the fall of USSR, it has emerged as the center of the Political ideology in the world. However the subsequent reforms saw the start of the country’s transition to the market economies. The economic reforms into China started during 1978 and are considered as most successful as compared to the other controlled economies of Eastern Europe. A comparative study of the transition economies would suggest that China has been able to perform better than other transition economies of Eastern Europe mainly because of the rise of private firms into China. The emergence of Private firms into China has been extra-ordinary despite the fact that State has protected the state owned enterprises. The rise of China therefore is also attributed to the unplanned rise of private firms into the country besides the government reforms. From 1978 to 1992, the gross national product in China grew at an average rate of 9% and in 1992 and 1993, growth accelerated to over thirteen percent, giving China the worlds fastest growing economy. In 1994, even with attempts to cool down the economy, growth remained above ten percent.Error: Reference source not found. However it also must be noted that the largely held misconception that the Mao Zedong was behind the economic rise of China is not correct in its true sense as many believed that a great Opportunity to fulfill the Chinese dream remained unfulfilled during his era however the Mao era also saw the changes into health, education and other sectors of the economy however on the whole it remained largely under achieved economy during

Evaluate an Entrepreneurial Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Evaluate an Entrepreneurial Venture - Essay Example 3Â  billion (Cozon, 2013). In less than four years, Dyson managed to become a market leader, as regard sales in vacuum cleaners, both in the US and UK markets, which clearly shows its success story. However, the journey that started with launching the Ballbarrow in the 1970s to the production of the extremely successful vacuum cleaner in the 2000s has been a rather difficult one. It involved struggles in procuring funds during the initial years to fighting court cases against multinational rivals for patent rights. Despite these major setbacks, Sir James Dyson persevered, and transformed his company into a leading manufacturing company in the market, amidst stiff competition from other large multinational brands. Dyson is considered as a great entrepreneur and his sense of innovation and business acumen is evident in his marketing of a product that used a technology rejected by other product manufacturers. The product, when launched, was priced at double the average market rates for similar products and there were very little advertisements and marketing done to promote it; instead, DAL commissioned retailers through their own efforts, an occasional article that described the product was published in newspapers, and the name was made to spread by a general word of mouth. Key Historical Facts James Dyson, a British entrepreneur in 1973, founded Dyson Appliances Ltd. ... The Hoover Junior vacuum cleaner he owned did not perform as he wanted and therefore took it upon himself to develop a better model. Between 1979 and 1984, Dyson developed over 5000 models of vacuum cleaners trying to make them more efficient. When he produced the first fully functional prototype, he had problems getting licenses in the European and American markets, mainly because other more established manufacturers feared the competition brought Dyson’s company. The company has a long history since its establishment in the 1970s. Here, we will examine some of the key historical facts such as products, market entry, funding and others critical to its start up. i.) Products In 1986, Dyson began the manufacture of the DC-series of vacuum cleaners. These had a lot of success on the market as discussed in the market entry segment. This series started with the DC01, DC02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 08T, DC9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, and DC25. Besides the vacuum cleaners, the company also deals in hand dryers. It is the manufacturer of the Air-blade hand dryer series. This series comprises of AB01, AB03, AB06, AB07, AB08, AB09, AB10, and AB11 (Dyson, 1998). The company also diversified into production of a bladeless fan called the Air Multiplier. The company also produced the contra-rotator washing machine CR01. This was followed by the CR02. The company however dropped this product line and ceased to provide any support services for it. ii.) Market entry The first vacuum cleaner that the company ever sold was sold in Japan for an equivalent of $2000 in 1986. This was not a sustainable venture for mass production. After setting up a research facility in Wiltshire in 1993, a cheaper model, the DA001 was produced and retailed at

Stereotypical Interaction Styles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Stereotypical Interaction Styles - Assignment Example â€Å"They† referred to the judges in High Court mentioned in the preceding sentence while â€Å"he† referred to Hamza. By using passive/active sentences and idiomatic expressions, the writer was able to clearly tell the events that took place. These also gave the story a more detailed description of what happened. Even if the event revolved around capturing a terrorist and a legal battle for Hamza, the expressions and words in the article were easy enough to understand by civilians. The linguistic choices the writer used were only appropriate for readers of a newspaper, mostly civilians, which is the type of publication the article appeared in. With his linguistic choices, the writer was able to give a clear picture of how terrorism is viewed as a serious social problem. In fact, the reaction to a possible terrorist threat is so great that Hamza was ordered to leave the country. Moreover, the writer was able to show that even if the problem is a social one, the justice system will be tapped to handle the situation thereby involving the political arena. For Lines 2/3, the overlap is inadvertent. It can be deemed from studying the first couple of lines that Line 2 is an explanation of Line 1. Also, Speaker A ended his first statement with the phrase â€Å"you know†. So, upon hearing the phrase again, Speaker B assumed that Speaker A was finished sharing information. For Lines 4/5, the overlap violates turn-taking rules. Line 5 can be considered an interruption by Speaker A. An analysis of Line 4 will show that ending the statement with the word ‘everything’ would not relay the real meaning of Speaker B’s message. Moreover, Line 5 does not really respond to the meaning of Line 4 if Speaker B was not interrupted.

Utilitarian View on Modern Day Situations Essay Example for Free

Utilitarian View on Modern Day Situations Essay Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the traditional understanding that the right act is the act which will actually, or most probably produce the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure throughout the world. The view was most famously founded by Jeremy Bentham, and later adapted by John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of an event rather than following strict rules and in general can be classed as a type of naturalism that offers a reductionist approach to ethics. Natural Law Natural Law is the theory that all humans can discover what is right, due to moral being written into our nature in some way. This theory suggests that there are some absolute ethical standards are the set by the way the universe is and the way humans are. Natural law lies a great deal of importance on applying reason and science and the use of inherent values such as fairness. Situation Ethics Situation ethics are based on the principle of love, and how all right and good actions result in the greatest amount of love as a result. Due to this, human beings should always act lovingly but the values of acting lovingly largely depend on the situation and cannot be predefined, instead the values of situation ethics are free to change in any shape or form from example as they relate the circumstances. Proportionalism Proportionalism is neither deontological or teleological, but rather it lies somewhere in between the two. It is an extension of Natural law, that can be easily compared with rule utilitarianism. It has moral rules (generally of the Christian variety) and says that it is never right to go against a principle unless there is a proportionate reason which would justify it. So some things are always right or wrong, but in certain situations it could be tolerated, e. g. murder is always wrong, but there may be an exception in a just war. Toleration is not saying something is right or wrong, but rather is used to choose the lesser of two evils. Virtue Ethics Virtue Ethics describe the right action to be the action which a virtuous person would do in the same situation, and for this reason, Virtue Ethics are not absolute, they are relativist. Instead of looking at the consequences of a particular action Virtue Ethics looks at the character of the individual and as a result provides us with guidance of what are the ideal characteristics of a good person. Utilitarianism Perspective In Vitro Treatment Even though IVF has been criticized because many people think that it is an unethical method of creating a child, utilitarians have said that it can bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people, yet some people do not see how. Bentham’s hedonic calculus enables us to find out whether or not IVF will bring about this about. When Bentham came up with the idea of the hedonic calculus he asked seven questions that all try to predict. Regarding the length of the effects of IVF treatment, the answer to is that the effects will last a life time. When creating a child you don’t expect the effects to last for a short period of time, you want them to last for the rest of your life and the rest of the child’s life. For example the first test tube baby, Louise Brown, is now actually a mother herself. Furthmore, there is also the case of whether the embryo will attached to the inside of the mother womb and investigations have shown that there is a one in five chance that this will happen, even though this may seem a high risk factor there is a twenty per cent chance of at least one of the eggs taking if ten are fertilised. As a result of this IVF treatment, both the mother and the father will be greatly effected in the majority, because they will have to donate their zygotes and then have them fertilised. Afterwards the woman will have to have the eggs implanted into her womb and even then the embryos may not take. There is also the financial side to this treatment, it costs a lot of money and even then the embryos might not take to the woman’s womb therefore it would just be like burning money because it is, in a sense, money wasted. The doctors will be affected because what they are doing is hard work, but they will be affected in a good way because they are getting paid a lot of money for this. There is no saying how many lives the child will affect in the future. That maybe is one of the drawbacks of IVF treatment, the child might grow up to be hooked on drugs or be a rapists or serial killer but then don’t you take that risk with any child? Then the weakness is in Bentham’s hedonic calculus i. e. it is not possible by any means to predict the future yet we still try to through means like this. The IVF treatment could also take as long as you want it. Then there would of course be there is the process of waiting for the baby to be born if the IVF is successful but it could be born late or early, so again we cannot predict the future because of the fact that it is too uncertain. The final and question is whether the act of IVF treatment will cause happiness or un-happiness in the future, and my answer to this is that the future is so uncertain it is almost impossible to predict what is going to happen. From the evidence above it is clear that a utilitarian wouldn’t support IVF treatment, because it isn’t certain whether or not this treatment would avoid pain and create the most amount of happiness, because the IVF treatment might not be successful and then there is a lot of money wasted on embryos that didn’t work. There might be a lot of future un-happiness more so than future happiness. Then there is the factor that the IVF treatment takes a long time and might not last a long time because the baby may miss-carry. This is definitely one of the drawbacks to utilitarianism, because the future is so uncertain it is not possible to predict whether or not this baby will become something that will go onto help others and create happiness or be something that ruins peoples lives and ruins their own lives. Natural Law Perspective In Vitro Treatment The underlying principal of natural law is that as God has created us then we should let nature take its course. In doing this, we are therefore allowing the will of God to be performed. If you take this stance then clearly you would be against any form of fertility treatment. This type of treatment is seen as interfering with nature and therefore offends the principles of Natural Law. If a woman cannot conceive then it is natures way of saying that she should not have children we should not interfere with that decision is the view of the proponents of natural law. They would also be against genetic engineering and designer babies. Utilitarianism Perspective Voluntary Euthanasia The definition of the word Euthanasia is A good and peaceful death. Utilitarianism is a moral theory which stresses that the goal of moral endeavour ( or to put it another way, the measure) is the production of Good. any action is to be assessed by their production of good consequences. If the definition of Euthanasia is applied then as it is supposed to bring about good in the form of a peaceful death then utilitarianism can be brought into play because the result is good the action must be morally correct. Natural Law Perspective Voluntary Euthanasia Natural law holds that human beings by nature do good and avoid evil and these goods are observable goals that we are fundamentally born with in our nature. Natural Law deals in moral absolutes that cannot be broken regardless of the situation, The end never justifies the means, so no amount of suffering can justify an evil act. To aspect of protecting the innocent is seen to be very important by those that follow Natural Law, therefore it would seem that euthanasia is always wrong. However, the principle of the double effect must not be disregarded. As whilst it is seen as wrong to kill, is giving someone pain relief if a secondary effect is that they die wrong? In this situation, you are asking Is death a proportionate outcome? For this reason, while Natural Law doesnt support active euthanasia, I believe that in some cases it might well allow an action whose intention is merely to relieve pain, even if the action leads to death. The Implications of Benthams Theory on Animal Treatment In my opinion Jeremy Bentham would claim that the morally relevant question about animals is not Can they reason? or Can they talk? but, Can they suffer ? And, animals do in fact suffer, and do in fact feel pain. Therefore he would argue that pain is an intrinsic evil whether it is experienced by a child, an adult, or an animal. If it is wrong to inflict pain on a human being, it is just as wrong to inflict pain on an animal. For this reason, animals should be treated with the same amount of respect as human beings are treated as it has yet to be proven, it will likely will never be proven, that animals do not suffer. Why punish criminals? Utilitarian Perspective According to utilitarianism our duty is to do whatever will increase the amount of happiness in the world. Utilitarians view punishment as treating people badly, by taking away their life or freedom through capital punishment and imprisonment. In Bentham’s own words, he wrote, â€Å"all punishment is mischief: all punishment in itself is evil. † So what do Utilitarians think about capital punishment? At first it may seem obvious that they oppose it, because by punishing someone, this person will suffer thus will be unhappy. Because punishment is a means of producing suffering, nd suffering is bad, punishment can only be justified on utilitarian grounds if the amount of suffering is outweighed by benefits to society and that good cannot be produced in any other way that does not involve suffering. In other words, if punishment will bring about more good than bad for society, and that good cannot be produced in any other more advantageous way, then it can be justified on utilitarian grounds. Here are many ways where punishment can benefit society: First, capital punishment can help to reduce crimes by being a deterrent to would-be criminals. Someone who is tempted to commit a crime might not commit the crime now that he knows that he would be punished, thus introducing the threat of punishment. Second by making people who have already committed crimes incapable of committing future crimes. By executing criminals, they will be taken off the streets, they will be removed from this life, and further crimes that they were going to commit will be avoided. In this way there will be less unhappiness. Third, the act of capital punishment may in some case provide comfort and gratification for the victim’s family. The victim’s family may be comforted if they knew that the killer has received what he deserves. In conclusion, a utilitarian would advocate the death penalty only if it is the only way of generating benefits to the society which are greater than any harms, or evil which its use may cause. A society might be happier to know that a murderer can never kill again, and it may in fact make the murderer himself happier with his life ending immediately rather than spending his whole life imprisoned. How does Mills approach to justifying any majority inflicting pain on the minority address the difficulty of Benthams hedonic calculus? Mills approach to pleasure wasnt simply based on quantity, he instead described there to be two levels of pleasures, higher and lower. The higher pleasures were intellectual pleasures, whilst the mower pleasures were purely sensual. Mill also stated that most ordinary people should generally follow the traditional moral rules rather than calculate every situation. This is the reason why some people state that then surely John Stuart Mill is a Rule Utilitarian, who should generally following moral rules, even if the rules are decided through Utilitarianism. How does Rule Utilitarianism prevent the justification of executing any minority, as issued by the majority? Rule Utilitarianism ensures that the traditional moral rules should be followed, therefore whilst rules are in place, these rules may be decided by Utilitarianism. This will prevent extreme cases from taking place and general rules in society being overturned by the majority.

New Zealands Government Drug Policy

New Zealands Government Drug Policy HOW THE EXISTING POLICY STARTED AND HOW IT WORKS New Zealand Government’s drug policy was enclosed in the National Drug Policy 2007 – 2012. This policy was first approved in 1998 to give direction for drug policy in Aoteoroa New Zealand as a whole. Within the framework provided by this policy, local government, non- government agencies and organizations that are part of the drug and alcohol sector developed their respective programs and set priorities. The National Drug Policy admits that drug use is mainly a health issue; therefore it should be addressed through health- based actions. New Zealand Drug policy was also created based on the principle of harm minimization. The main goal of NDP is to minimize the economic, social and health harms due to misuse of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. In addition, the update of the National Drug Policy was built on the existing method (the three pillars) adapted by the government such as reducing demand, helping people with drug and alcohol problems and controlling drug supply. Significantly, the drug policy will also allow a larger support which will be given to the families and communities of those who misuse drugs as well as for children affected by alcohol and drugs living in households (Ministry of Health, 2013). ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND Existing research shows that drug use is high in Aotearoa New Zealand compared to other countries, predominantly for amphetamine, new psychoactive substances and cannabis. Alcohol is also considered by far the most significant leisure drug in New Zealand, when it comes to widespread use and misuse. Recent surveys shows that 95% of adult New Zealanders (aged 16- 64 years) also outlined drug related harm, drug use and had consumed alcohol at some point of their lifetime. This includes recreational drug use aside from tobacco and alcohol, together with prohibited drugs and drugs that are used for illegal purposes like diverted pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, almost half or 49% of all respondents had used any drugs for recreational purposes at some stage of their lives, roughly 1,292,700 people (Ministry of Health, 2010). The New Zealand government has responded to these issues of drug use by presenting different approaches that attempt to diminish drug use and other drug related harms. The first National Drug Policy in New Zealand covered the period 1998- 2003, since then it continuously provides guidance for the governments’ activities through to 2006. During that time, the National Drug Policy in collaboration with other government agencies and the Ministry of Health, reviewed the existing program until, the second National Drug Policy was implemented comprising the period 2007- 2012. OBJECTIVES AND THREE PILLARS OF THE NATIONAL DRUG POLICY New Zealand’s National Drug Policy presents Governments’ policy and legislative aims for alcohol, tobacco and prohibited drugs. The policy was built on the value of harm minimisation which covers a broad and combined approach to minimising the impairment or injuries caused by drug use comprising of the three ‘pillars’. First is the Supply control that aims to regulate and limit the availability of drugs. Second is the demand reduction, which involves a wide variety of activities that will restrict the use of drugs of individuals, which also includes abstinence. Lastly, the problem limitation which will reduce the harm that arises from existing drug use. The National Drug Policy makers believe that there is a wide range of harm linked with how drugs are being use and that there is no single strategy or tactic that can address the problems instead, a continuum plans are needed. This will require an improvement of a particular plan that is not just receptive, but also culturally suitable in addressing the necessities of Maori, Young and Pacific people provided the over representation of these groups in terms of many drug related problems THE POLICY MAKERS AND INTEREST GROUPS THEY REPRESENT The Minister of Health and the Chair of the Ministerial Committee on Drug Policy (MCDP) (National Drug Policy, 2007) in collaboration with other Ministerial colleagues, The (IACD) or Inter- Agency Committee on drugs and Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs (EACD) are the policy makers of NDP. As mentioned above, there is a wide range of issues concerning drug and alcohol usage in New Zealand. The NDP is one way of ensuring that these organizations that are involved in these issues take constant action in addressing them. In the past and even today, NDP primarily focuses or represents specific groups such as Maori, Pacific People and Young New Zealanders. Migrants in New Zealand are also considered as contributory factor because every community group has its own habits, attitudes and beliefs that can be very different from those of New Zealand’s culture and mainstream society. (Ministerial Committee on Drug Policy, 2007) BEHIND THE POLICY, STRATEGIES AND ACHEIVEMENTS The Ministry of Health, in association with other government and non-government organizations have their respective role on how to reduce and prevent harm caused by alcohol and other drugs. The NDP brings these diverse range of people, different agencies and stakeholders to work in partnership to be able to develop interventions, mechanism and right approach for the development of the policy. The publication of the first National Drug Policy in 1998, was also the release of several other significant national alcohol and drug policies, plans and strategies over the past years, such as National Strategic Framework for Alcohol and Drug Services in 2001, The National Alcohol Strategy in 2001 (NAS), Action Plan on Methamphetamines in 2003, The Action Plan on Alcohol and Illicit Drugs in 2004, In 2005 the Te Tahuhu (Mental Health and Addiction Plan), The Te Kokiri (Mental Health and Addiction Action Plan) in 2006 and the release of the second National Drug Policy in 2007 ( Ann Flintoft, 2008). Since the release of the first NDP there have been several significant achievements as well, these includes, the founding of the National Drug Policy Discretionary Grant Fund in 2004 which provides pool of funding research for latest projects to fill up gaps in all drug policy work. Aiming to provide funding for high cross- departmental projects, for a quick response to changes in current and developing drug trends. Alcohol Advisory Council (ALAC) with the primary objective of promotion and encouragement of moderation in the liquor use, reduction and discouragement of the misuse of liquor and minimization of the economic, social and personal harm that emanated from misuse of liquor, with the aim of change for all New Zealanders drinking culture. Community Action on Youth and Drugs (CAYAD) is a national project which involves partnership with communities, aiming to decrease harm to young people/ families/whanau from illegal drugs and alcohol. Smoke-free Environments Amendment Act 2003 , an amendment from the Smoke-free Environment Act of 1990, banned tobacco from buildings, school grounds, even licensed premises such as bars, sports clubs, cafes, restaurants and other workplaces became smoke-free indoors. Restrictions to the displays of tobacco products in retail outlets and further restrictions of access for those under age 18, herbal smoking products also has been banned under this act (Ministerial Committee on Drug Policy, 2007). KEEPING WHAT WORKS AND MAKING IT BETTER, TOWARDS A NEW DIRECTION We commend the Ministry of Health and all the policy makers of the NDP on their robust focus on reducing inequalities in the recent NDP. We believe that addressing the social determinants of health and reducing harm should continue to be the main principle of the National Drug Policy. We also applaud their past and recent achievements and support their plans by building on and just updating the policy from the previous NDP rather than changing it. In the previous policy, it focuses on interventions for those who are alcohol and drug users. It cannot be denied that this has been important for alcohol and drug user prevention with good effect for the broader community. However, we strongly believe that this policy can be updated for the better. We do believe that the existing policy is good, but it would be an advantage or would be better if the next National Drug Policy will expand or develop its definition of â€Å"harm† to give a greatly importance on the harm that other drugs and alcohol cause to the others aside from the users itself. The outdated National drug Policy focuses on prevention and reduction of harm between people who are alcohol and drug users. However, policy makers should also focus or give importance to communities, families and society that are greatly affected by the harm triggered by alcohol and drugs misuse, which can be in a form of ensuring that the involved groups (communities, families and soc iety) are protected by the policy. Furthermore, we also recommend that the new policy would focus more on the â€Å"outcomes† rather than just mentioning or educating people/society about certain substances and how to properly use these substances. The policy makers may talk or may emphasize about the ideal outcome for people and societies, such as aiming on reducing people’s access to cannabis and also try to decrease the number of young people being expelled from school because of drugs and alcohol violations. Lastly, we do support that the new policy uphold the principle of harm minimization and the three pillars of demand control, problem limitation and supply reduction. We believe that the existing structure is well aligned to what other countries do and guarantees that it is suitable for the purpose of reducing harm in New Zealand. References: Ministerial Committee on Drug Policy (2007). The National Drug Policy. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/national-drug-policy-2007-2012.pdf Ministry of Health (2013) The National drug Policy. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/mental-health-and-addictions/drug-policy/national-drug-policy Ann Flintoft (2008), How Good is New Zealand’s Alcohol and Drug Policy?. Addiction Treatment Research News, Volume 12. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/nationaladdictioncentre/pdfs/atrn38v12.pdf At the heart of the matter. NZ Drug Foundation. Reshaping New Zealand’s Alcohol and other Drug Policy. Retrieved from http://www.drugfoundation.org.nz/wellington-declaration/declaration